| Name | Mechanism | Dosage | Side Effects |
| Phenytoin | Voltage gated sodium channel blockade | Titrate to serum level: 15 - 20 mg/dL; Max dose 625 mg/day. | Cognitive deficits, nstagmus, ataxia, seizures, opthalmoparesis, sedation, anemia, gingival hyperplasia, allergy, drug induced lupus |
| Levetiracetam | Binding to SV2A (synaptic vesicle protein) | 500 mg BID to max daily dose of 3000 mg/day | Hair loss, dysesthesias, anxiety, irritability, depression, headache, nausea, sedation, weakness |
| Valproic acid | Voltage gated sodium channel blockade | 750 - 2250 mg/day (once a day dosing to QID dosing); target serum level of 75 - 100 mg/dL | Hepatic failure, pancreatitis, somnolence, thrombocytopenia, hypothermia, hyperammonemia, encephalopathy, multiorgan hypersensitivity reaction, depressed cognition. |
| Carbamazepine | Voltage gated sodium channel blockade | 400 - 800 mg/day (BID to QID dosage); target serum level of 7 - 10 mg/dL | Hyperammonemia Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, heart block, multiorgan hypersensitivity reaction, anticholinergic effects, psychosis, renal dysfunction, visual problems, hyponatremia, hypothyroidism |
| Lamotrigine | Unknown, sodium channel blockade | Initial starting dose of 50 mg/day (slow titration upwards in dose required) | SJS, TENS, headache, dizziness, insomnia, myalgias, dry mouth, irritability, fatigue, memory and cognitive difficulty |
| Gabapentin | Voltage gated calcium channel inhibition | 300 - 3600 mg TID | Anxiety, psychomotor agitation, peripheral edema, dizziness, sedation, hepatotoxicity |
| Topiramate | Unclear mechanism, inhibits depolarization invoked sustained repetitive firing in Na/Ca channels | 25 mg daily with titration upwards to 200 mg BID | Impairment of language, attention, memory, executive functioning |